CDL Practice Tests: Flatbed Cargo Securement
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Go!When calculating directional forces, 'g' is expressed as:
- The acceleration due to gravity, 9.823 m/sec2 (32.2 ft/sec2). For cargo securement purposes it is expressed as a percentage of cargo weight, i.e. .5g is 50% of force of gravity or 50% of cargo weight.
- The summation of the working load limits or restraining capacity of all devices used to secure an article on a vehicle.
- The maximum load that may be applied to a component of a cargo securement system during normal service, usually assigned by the manufacturer of the component.
- The maximum load that may be applied to a component of a cargo securement system during normal service, usually assigned by the manufacturer of the component.
g:
The acceleration due to gravity, 9.823 m/sec2 (32.2 ft/sec2). For cargo securement purposes it is expressed as a percentage of cargo weight, i.e. .5g is 50% of force of gravity or 50% of cargo weight.
How much force is the securement system required to withstand in terms of cargo weight?
- 80% forward, 50% rearward, 50% sideways, 20% upwards.
- 80% forward, 50% rearward, 80% sideways, 20% upwards.
- 50% forward, 20% rearward, 50% sideways, 20% upwards.
- 50% forward, 50% rearward, 50% sideways, 80% upwards.
How strong must the vehicle structure and anchor points be?
All elements of the vehicle structure and anchor points must be strong enough to withstand the forces described on page 7.
- Forward force: 0.8 g (80%)
- Rearward force: 0.5.g (50%)
- Sideways force: 0.5 g (50%)
- Upward force: 0.2 g (20%)
To prevent rolling, how many points of contact are required, at minimum, for a boulder resting on a rounded or partially rounded side?
- 2
- 4
- 5
- 3
Requirements
If the flattest side of the boulder is rounded or partially rounded, place the boulder in a crib made of hardwood fixed to deck of vehicle.
Boulder should rest on both deck and timber, with at least 3 well-separated points of contact that prevent rolling in any direction.
What is the minimum weight of a shipment of paper rolls that would require specific securement requirements?
- It depends on how they're loaded
- 2,268 lbs
- 5,000 lbs
- 10,000 lbs
The rules in this section apply to shipments of paper rolls, which individually or together, weigh 2268 kg (5000 lb.) or more.
Note: Shipments of paper rolls that weigh less than 2268 kg (5000 lb.), and paper rolls that are unitized on a pallet may either be secured in accordance this section or with the general cargo securement requirements
What is the presumed resistance to horizontal movement of friction mats?
- 50% of cargo weight.
- 0
- 20% of cargo weight.
- 100% of cargo weight.
Note: Friction mats, which are not marked by the manufacturer, are assumed to provide a resistance to horizontal movement equal to 50% of the cargo weight that is resting on the mat.
In what circumstance can shortwood be treated as longwood?
- When it is stacked long-ways on the trailer.
- When it is embedded in a stack of longwood.
- When it is painted green on the ends.
- Right after it is cut down.
What's in a stack?
Some stacks may be made up of both shortwood and longwood. Any stack that includes shortwood must follow the shortwood securement requirements.
Exception: If shortwood is embedded in load of longwood, it can be treated as longwood.
Which of the following is not a reason why loads should be secured?
- Prevent loss of load
- Prevent damage to the cargo
- Make it look pretty
- Avoid fines and citations
Why secure your load? To prevent:
- Loss of life
- Loss of load
- Damage to the cargo
- Damage to the vehicle
- Issuance of citations/fines to driver/carrier
- The vehicle being placed Out-of-Service.
- A crash
Methods to keep a cradle from sliding include:
- Nailed wood blocking or cleats.
- These can all be used.
- Friction mats under the cradle.
- Placing a tiedown around the front of the cradle.
Requirements for securing a single coil
Prevent the coil from rolling by supporting it:
- Timbers, chocks, or wedges held in place by coil bunks or similar devices to prevent them from coming loose.
- A cradle (for example, two hardwood timbers and two coil bunks) that is restrained from sliding by:
- Friction mats under the cradle.
- Nailed wood blocking or cleats.
- Placing a tiedown around the front of the cradle.
- The support must:
- Support the coil just above the deck.
- Not become unintentionally unfastened or loose in transit.
The North American Cargo Securement Standard cover vehicles weighing:
- Less than 10,000 lbs
- 26,001 lbs
- Over 10,000 lbs
- Over 4,500 lbs
North American Cargo Securement Standard
What does the Standard cover? (Section 1.1)
- Commercial vehicles (including a combination of vehicles) that are operated on a highway and have a gross vehicle rating over 4,500 kg (10,000 lb.)
Vehicles
Requirements for securing two stacks of shortwood loaded side-by-side include:
- The highest log is no more than 8 ft above the deck.
- At least one tiedown is used lengthwise across each stack.
- There is no space between the stacks of logs.
- All of these are required.
Additional requirements securement for two stacks side-by-side
In addition to the requirements for shortwood loaded crosswise, load two stacks side-by-side so that:
- There is no space between the stacks of logs.
- The outside of each stack is raised at least 2.5 cm (1 in) within 10 cm (4 in) of the end of the logs or from the side of the vehicle.
- The highest log is no more than 2.44 m (8 ft) above the deck.
- At least one tiedown is used lengthwise across each stack.
About The Flatbed Cargo Securement CDL Manual
Studying the flatbed cargo securement CDL manual is not a requirement for getting your CDL permit or license. It is required knowledge for flatbed drivers.
Some questions you should be able to answer for flatbed cargo securement:
- What is the minimum Working Load Limit of a tiedown used to secure logs?
- What is the minimum weight of a shipment of paper rolls that would require specific securement requirements?
- When securing concrete pipe over 45 inches loaded crosswise, which direction must the tiedowns on the front half of the load run?
- What is a cab shield?
- When securing concrete pipe over 45 inches loaded crosswise, which direction must the tiedowns on the rear half of the load run?
- What is a dunnage bag?
- Who is responsible for inspecting securing devices and cargo within the first 50 miles?
- How many tiedowns are required on a stack of shortwood loaded crosswise?
- What is the minimum working load limit of each tiedown used to secure crushed or flattened vehicles?
- Define 'bolster'
- What is a hook-lift container?
- When a tiedown is attached directly to the cargo, what is the ideal angle where it attached to the vehicle?
What is a securing device?
Any device specifically manufactured to attach or secure cargo to a vehicle or trailer:
- Synthetic Webbing
- Chain
- Wire rope
- Manila rope
- Synthetic rope
- Steel strapping
- Clamps and latches
- Blocking
- Front-end structure
- Grab hooks
- Binders
- Shackles
- Winches
- Stake pockets
- D-rings
- Webbing ratchet
- Bracing
- Friction mat
What is a tiedown?
A combination of securing devices that forms an assembly that:
- Attaches cargo to, or restrains cargo on a vehicle.
- Is attached to anchor point(s).
Some tiedowns are attached to the cargo and provide direct resistance to restrain the cargo from movement.
Some tie-downs pass over or through the cargo. They create a downward force that increases the effect of friction between the cargo and the deck. This friction restrains the cargo.
Related Cargo Securement Terms That Every Driver Should Know:
-
Tiedown:
A combination of securing devices which form an assembly that attaches cargo to, or restrains cargo on, a vehicle or trailer, and is attached to anchor point(s).
-
Contained:
Cargo is contained if it fills a sided vehicle, and every article is in contact with or sufficiently close to a wall or other articles so that it cannot shift or tip if those other articles are also unable to shift or tip.
-
Blocking:
A structure, device, or another substantial article placed against or around an article to prevent horizontal movement of the article.
How should tiedowns be attached?
Tiedowns can be used in two ways:
-
Attached to the cargo:
- Tiedowns attached to the vehicle and attached to the cargo.
- Tiedowns attached to the vehicle, pass through or aroundan article of cargo, and then are attached to the vehicle again.
-
Pass over the cargo:
- Tiedowns attached to the vehicle, passed over the cargo, and then attached to the vehicle again.
Tiedown placement:
Place the tiedown as close as possible to the spacer.
Position the tiedowns as symetrically as possible over the length of the article.
Position the tiedowns to preserve the integrity of the article.
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