Outer bottom logs must be in contact with and rest solidly against bunks, bolsters, stakes, or standards.
Each outside log on the side of a stack of logs must touch at least two bunks, bolsters, stakes, or standards. If one end of the log doesn't touch a stake:
It must rest on other logs in a stable manner.
It must extend beyond the stake, bunk, bolster, or standard.
The center of the highest log on each side or end must be below the top of each stake, bunk, or standard.
A paper roll or the forwardmost roll(s) in a group of paper rolls is not prevented from tipping or falling forward by vehicle structure or other cargo.
Paper roll width is more than 1.25 times and less than 1.76 times its diameter.
Only friction mats are used for forward securement.
Solution #4:
The friction mat alone is adequate. The friction mat allows the roll to slide on the floor without tripping the roll.
When securing concrete pipe with a diameter up to 45 inches loaded crosswise as a group,lengthwise tiedowns should be either one 1/2 in chain or wire rope, or:
Two 3/8 inch chains or wire ropes.
One 3/8 inch chain or wire rope.
Two 1/4 inch chains or wire ropes.
Two nylon straps with aggregate WLL of 50% the weight of the load.
Run at least one tiedown through each pipe in the front half of the load. This includes the middle one if there are an odd number. The tiedown must run rearward at an angle not more than 45° with the horizontal when viewed from the side of the vehicle, whenever practicable.
Run at least one tiedown through each pipe in the rear half of the load. The tiedown must run forward at an angle not more than 45° with the horizontal when viewed from the side of the vehicle, whenever practicable. This holds each pipe firmly in contact with adjacent pipe.
Studying the flatbed cargo securement CDL manual is not a requirement for getting your CDL permit or license. It is required knowledge for flatbed drivers.
Some questions you should be able to answer for flatbed cargo securement:
What is the minimum Working Load Limit of a tiedown used to secure logs?
What is the minimum weight of a shipment of paper rolls that would require specific securement requirements?
When securing concrete pipe over 45 inches loaded crosswise, which direction must the tiedowns on the front half of the load run?
What is a cab shield?
When securing concrete pipe over 45 inches loaded crosswise, which direction must the tiedowns on the rear half of the load run?
What is a dunnage bag?
Who is responsible for inspecting securing devices and cargo within the first 50 miles?
How many tiedowns are required on a stack of shortwood loaded crosswise?
What is the minimum working load limit of each tiedown used to secure crushed or flattened vehicles?
Define 'bolster'
What is a hook-lift container?
When a tiedown is attached directly to the cargo, what is the ideal angle where it attached to the vehicle?
What is a securing device?
Any device specifically manufactured to attach or secure cargo to a vehicle or trailer:
Synthetic Webbing
Chain
Wire rope
Manila rope
Synthetic rope
Steel strapping
Clamps and latches
Blocking
Front-end structure
Grab hooks
Binders
Shackles
Winches
Stake pockets
D-rings
Pocket
Webbing ratchet
Bracing
Friction mat
What is a tiedown?
A combination of securing devices that forms an assembly that:
Attaches cargo to, or restrains cargo on a vehicle.
Is attached to anchor point(s).
Some tiedowns are attached to the cargo and provide direct resistance to restrain the cargo from movement.
Some tie-downs pass over or through the cargo. They create a downward force that increases the effect of friction between the cargo and the deck. This friction restrains the cargo.
Related Cargo Securement Terms That Every Driver Should Know:
Tiedown:
A combination of securing devices which form an assembly that attaches cargo to, or restrains cargo on, a vehicle or trailer, and is attached to anchor point(s).
Contained:
Cargo is contained if it fills a sided vehicle, and every article is in contact with or sufficiently close to a wall or other articles so that it cannot shift or tip if those other articles are also unable to shift or tip.
Blocking:
A structure, device, or another substantial article placed against or around an article to prevent horizontal movement of the article.
How should tiedowns be attached?
Tiedowns can be used in two ways:
Attached to the cargo:
Tiedowns attached to the vehicle and attached to the cargo.
Tiedowns attached to the vehicle, pass through or aroundan article of cargo, and then are attached to the vehicle again.
Pass over the cargo:
Tiedowns attached to the vehicle, passed over the cargo, and then attached to the vehicle again.
Tiedown placement:
Place the tiedown as close as possible to the spacer.
Position the tiedowns as symetrically as possible over the length of the article.
Position the tiedowns to preserve the integrity of the article.