Review Questions - Click On The Picture To Begin...
- Bulkheads are solid barriers in a tank while baffles are barriers with holes in them, allowing liquid to flow through
- Bulkheads are only allowed in food-grade tankers where baffles can be installed in any type of tanker
- Baffles are solid barriers in a tanks while bulkheads are barriers with holes in them, allowing liquid to flow through
- Bulkheads are only used in gas tankers and baffles are only used in liquid tankers
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Bulkheads: Some liquid tanks are divided into several smaller tanks by bulkheads. When loading and unloading the smaller tanks, the driver must pay attention to weight distribution. Do not put too much weight on the front or rear of the vehicle.
Baffled tanks: Baffled liquid tanks have bulkheads in them with holes that let the liquid flow through. The baffles help to control the forward and backward liquid surge. Side-to-side surge can still occur. This can cause a roll over.
- Quick acceleration will cause unnecessary sloshing and control difficulties
- During turns, liquid will surge to the side of the trailer, increasing the chance of a rollover accident
- While stopping, liquid will slosh back and forth
- All of these are correct
Quote From The CDL Manual:
In order to drive tank vehicles safely, remember:
- Drive smoothly - Because of the high center of gravity and the surge of the liquid, you must start, slow down and stop very smoothly. Also, make smooth turns and lane changes.
- Braking - If you must make a quick stop to avoid an accident, use controlled or stab braking. Also, remember that if you steer quickly while braking, your vehicle may roll over.
- Curves - Slow down before curves, then accelerate slightly through the curve. The posted speed for a curve may be too fast for a tank vehicle.
- Stopping distance - Keep in mind how much space you need to stop your vehicle. Remember that wet roads double the normal stopping distance. Empty tank vehicles may take longer to stop than full ones.
- Skids - Do not over steer, over accelerate or over brake. If you do, your vehicle may skid. On tank trailers, if your drive wheels or trailer wheels begin to skid, your vehicle may jackknife. When any vehicle starts to skid, you must take action to restore traction to the wheels.
- Results from movement of the liquid in partially filled tanks
- When coming to a stop, the liquid will surge back and forth
- If the truck is on a slippery surface such as ice, the wave can shove a stopped truck out into an intersection
- When the surge hits the end of the tank, it tends to push the truck in the opposite direction the wave is moving
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Liquid surge results from movement of the liquid in partially filled tanks. This movement can have bad effects on handling. For example, when coming to a stop, the liquid will surge back and forth. When the wave hits the end of the tank, it tends to push the truck in the direction the wave is moving. If the truck is on a slippery surface such as ice, the wave can shove a stopped truck out into an intersection. The driver of a liquid tanker must be very familiar with the handling of the vehicle.
- A tank filled with oil
- A tank carrying milk
- A tank filled with propane
- A tank carrying automotive gasoline
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Unbaffled liquid tankers (sometimes called "smooth bore" tanks) have nothing inside to slow down the flow of the liquid. Therefore, forward-and-back surge is very strong. Unbaffled tanks are usually those that transport food products (e.g., milk). (Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank.) Be extremely cautious (slow and careful) in driving smooth bore tanks, especially when starting and stopping.
TruckingTruth's Advice:
Baffles make cleaning the inside of a tank vehicle very difficult. Since most food grade tankers have to be completely clean and sanitary before each load, it is very rare for food grade tankers to have baffles.
- Understand that the posted speed for a curve may be too fast for a tank vehicle
- Always drive the posted speed for a curve
- Be confident that your lower center of gravity will reduce the risk of a rollover
- Use quick steering movements to keep liquids from collecting on one side
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Curves: Slow down before curves, then accelerate slightly through the curve. The posted speed for a curve may be too fast for a tank vehicle.
TruckingTruth's Advice:
All maneuvers in a tanker truck should be made slower and smoother than other vehicle types.
- Use stab braking to avoid an accident
- All of these answers are true
- Steer quickly and swerve around a hazard while braking at the same time
- Use controlled braking to avoid an accident
Quote From The CDL Manual:
To drive tank vehicles safely, you must follow all safe driving rules:
Braking – If you must make a quick stop to avoid an accident, use controlled or stab braking. If you do not remember how to stop using these methods, review Section 2.13. Also, remember that if you steer quickly while braking, your vehicle may roll over.
- None of these answers are correct
- When liquid naturally swirls inside of a tank
- If the tank is punctured, the liquid will rush out of the opening
- Results from movement of the liquid in partially filled tanks
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Liquid surge results from movement of the liquid in partially filled tanks. This movement can have bad effects on handling. For example, when coming to a stop, the liquid will surge back and forth. When the wave hits the end of the tank, it tends to push the truck in the direction the wave is moving. If the truck is on a slippery surface such as ice, the wave can shove a stopped truck out into an intersection. The driver of a liquid tanker must be very familiar with the handling of the vehicle.
TruckingTruth's Advice:
Liquid surge can result from nearly any conceivable movement. Steering left, right, accelerating, or slowing down can all cause liquid to surge. Even after stopping a liquid filled tanker, the liquid will surge back, then forward again, possibly forcing your truck to "jump" forward once more. That's why it's good practice to stay further back from vehicles, even when stopped.
- different liquids expand by different amounts
- Most liquids do not expand when heated
- None of these answers are correct
- Liquids expand at 1kg/m per 10 degree increase
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Never load a cargo tank totally full. Liquids expand as they warm and you must leave room for the expanding liquid. This is called "outage." Since different liquids expand by different amounts, they require different amounts of outage. You must know the outage requirement when hauling liquids in bulk.
- All of these statements are true
- Wet roads double the normal stopping distance
- Liquid surge may force your truck forward after you have already come to a complete stop
- Fully loaded tankers take longer to stop than empty ones
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Stopping distance - Keep in mind how much space you need to stop your vehicle. Remember that wet roads double the normal stopping distance. Empty tank vehicles may take longer to stop than full ones.
- Free flow tanks
- Unrestricted tanks
- Selective range tanks
- Smooth bore tanks
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Unbaffled liquid tankers (sometimes called "smooth bore" tanks) have nothing inside to slow down the flow of the liquid. Therefore, forward-and-back surge is very strong. Unbaffled tanks are usually those that transport food products (e.g., milk). (Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank.) Be extremely cautious (slow and careful) in driving smooth bore tanks, especially when starting and stopping.
- Used only for gas products
- Liquid tanks with several bulkheads containing holes that liquid can flow through
- Designed to contain several solid bulkheads
- Tanks without any bulkheads
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Baffled liquid tanks have bulkheads in them with holes that let the liquid flow through. The baffles help to control the forward and backward liquid surge. Side-to-side surge can still occur. This can cause a roll over.
- Contraction
- Outage
- Frontage
- None of these answers are correct
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Liquids expand as they warm and you must leave room for the expanding liquid. This is called "outage."
- To save room in the tank, most shippers of liquid food products prefer to forgo baffles so more product can be loaded
- Food products are generally light enough that the entire tank can be filled, thus, limiting any liquid surge
- Food grade tankers are required to be fitted with baffles or bulkheads
- Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank.
TruckingTruth's Advice:
Anytime you see a food grade tanker, it is safe to assume there are no baffles installed. Not only is that important for you to know when pulling a food grade tanker, but you can also drive differently around other vehicles that are pulling food grade tankers (give them more room).
- Food grade tankers
- Fuel tankers
- All tanker trucks are equipped with baffles
- Tankers designed to haul non-liquid products
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Unbaffled liquid tankers (sometimes called "smooth bore" tanks) have nothing inside to slow down the flow of the liquid. Therefore, forward-and-back surge is very strong. Unbaffled tanks are usually those that transport food products (e.g., milk). (Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank.) Be extremely cautious (slow and careful) in driving smooth bore tanks, especially when starting and stopping.
- Legal weight limits
- All of these should be taken into consideration when loading liquid into a tank
- The weight of the liquid
- The amount the liquid will expand in transit (outage)
Quote From The CDL Manual:
A full tank of dense liquid (such as some acids) may exceed legal weight limits. For that reason, you often may only partially fill tanks with heavy liquids. The amount of liquid to load into a tank depends on:
- The amount the liquid will expand in transit.
- The weight of the liquid.
- Legal weight limits.
- When liquids condense as they cool
- When liquids expand as they warm
- When liquids expand as they cool
- When liquids condense as they warm
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Never load a cargo tank totally full. Liquids expand as they warm and you must leave room for the expanding liquid. This is called "outage." Since different liquids expand by different amounts, they require different amounts of outage. You must know the outage requirement when hauling liquids in bulk.
A full tank of dense liquid (such as some acids) may exceed legal weight limits. For that reason, you often may only partially fill tanks with heavy liquids. The amount of liquid to load into a tank depends on:
- The amount the liquid will expand in transit.
- The weight of the liquid.
- Legal weight limits.
- On tanker vehicles, brakes are designed to hold the vehicle in place when liquid surges forward
- When liquid surge hits the end of the tank, it tends to push the truck in the direction the wave is moving
- Liquid surge will not affect handling and will only affect braking or acceleration
- Liquid surge only occurs during acceleration or stopping and does not occur during turns
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Liquid surge results from movement of the liquid in partially filled tanks. This movement can have bad effects on handling. For example, when coming to a stop, the liquid will surge back and forth. When the wave hits the end of the tank, it tends to push the truck in the direction the wave is moving. If the truck is on a slippery surface such as ice, the wave can shove a stopped truck out into an intersection. The driver of a liquid tanker must be very familiar with the handling of the vehicle.
- Small tanks which are loaded and secured onto flatbed trailers
- There are barriers in the tank with holes in them to slow down and restrict surging liquid
- Liquid is held in place by multiple barriers, restricting liquid surge
- There are no barriers inside to slow down or stop liquid from surging
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Unbaffled liquid tankers (sometimes called "smooth bore" tanks) have nothing inside to slow down the flow of the liquid. Therefore, forward-and-back surge is very strong. Unbaffled tanks are usually those that transport food products (e.g., milk). (Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank.) Be extremely cautious (slow and careful) in driving smooth bore tanks, especially when starting and stopping.
TruckingTruth's Advice:
Unbaffled tankers are much more dangerous to drive, especially when the tanks aren't completely full, as liquid can surge and slosh around in any direction hindering vehicle control.
- Expect liquid to evaporate and lighten your gross weight over time
- Never load a cargo tank so that it's totally full
- Use disposable baffles and barriers when hauling food grade tankers
- Always load a cargo tank with "filler" so that it's completely filled
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Never load a cargo tank totally full. Liquids expand as they warm and you must leave room for the expanding liquid. This is called "outage." Since different liquids expand by different amounts, they require different amounts of outage. You must know the outage requirement when hauling liquids in bulk.
A full tank of dense liquid (such as some acids) may exceed legal weight limits. For that reason, you often may only partially fill tanks with heavy liquids. The amount of liquid to load into a tank depends on:
- The amount the liquid will expand in transit.
- The weight of the liquid.
- Legal weight limits.
- A divider inside a tank to section off liquid or gas
- Used to elevate liquid to a higher center of gravity
- Used to hold all liquid or gas to one side of the tank
- A device that is placed on the top of liquid or gas and compresses it as low as possible to decrease the center of gravity
Quote From The CDL Manual:
Some liquid tanks are divided into several smaller tanks by bulkheads. When loading and unloading the smaller tanks, the driver must pay attention to weight distribution. Do not put too much weight on the front or rear of the vehicle.
TT On Facebook