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SECTION 2: GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS (continued)

CATEGORY 3, cont.

Securement Devices, Assemblies and Components - Tiedowns:

A tiedown is made up of a combination of securing devices (that is, an assembly) that restrains cargo on a trailer (or vehicle), and that is attached to anchor points.

There are two types of tiedowns that are used to restrain cargo:

• Direct Tiedowns
• Indirect Tiedowns

Direct Tiedowns

Direct tiedowns provide direct resistance to oppose the forces that are acting on the cargo. This direct resistance keeps the cargo in place, and prevents movement.

Indirect Tiedowns

Indirect tiedowns create a downward force that increases the friction between the cargo and the deck. This increased friction restrains the cargo.

Responsibility for Tightening Tiedowns:

Tiedowns (except for steel strapping) must be designed, constructed and maintained so they can be tightened by the driver. Each tiedown must be attached and secured so it does not become loose or unfastened while the vehicle is in transit.

Location of Tiedowns:

All tiedown parts must be within the rub rails for platform type vehicles (this does not apply when the load extends beyond the rub rails).

Use of Edge Protection:

Edge protection must be used if a tiedown may be cut or worn. The edge protection itself must also resist crushing, cutting and abrasion. An edge protection device should fit properly on the edge of the article, with no space under the device for it to crush into.

CATEGORY 4

Dunnage Materials:

Timber used between tiedowns and cargo must be strong enough not to split or be crushed.

Any timber used should be properly seasoned, and free of rot or decay.

The grain should run lengthwise along the timber when it is used for structural purposes like blocking and bracing.

Timber should be free of knots, knotholes and splits that may affect its strength or interfere with nailing.

General Securement Requirements - Securement Options:

All types of cargo must satisfy one of the following three conditions when being secured:

• Fully contained by structures of adequate strength, or
• immobilized by structures of adequate strength to prevent shifting or tipping, or
• immobilized on or within a vehicle by appropriate means to prevent shifting or tipping.

Note: If additional securement is required for a specific commodity (such as metal coils), the specific requirements for securing that commodity take precedence.

Working Load Limit:

The Working Load Limit is the maximum load that may be applied to a component of a cargo securement system during normal service.

This value is assigned by the component manufacturer or the default rating in the Working Load Limit Table.

Note: Welded steel chain that is not marked or labeled with a grade or working load limit, is considered to have a working load limit equal to that for grade 30 proof coil chain.